Answered By: Amanda Pruka
Last Updated: May 09, 2025     Views: 4

In nursing, you will often be asked to determine the research type as well as if an article is quantitative or qualitative. This is easier than it seems at first. Try not to overthink it. If the question is answered with numerical data, it is quantitative. If it is answered with textual data (for example, narratives), it is qualitative. 

In nursing, a lot of subjective feelings, such as pain or anxiety, are often quantified with surveys and scales. Because the topic might be subjective, we may assume it is a qualitative study. However, the topic of the study is not relevant. It is the scale or data collected that determines if it quantitative or qualitative. 

Quantitative vs Qualitative Studies in Health Sciences

Traits

Quantitative

Qualitative

Common Instruments (how are things measured or recorded)                           

Survey with likert or other rating/countable scales Interviews with open ended questions

Data collected                                

Numerical  

Textual (words, not numbers)

Words commonly seen in Abstract, Methods, and Results sections

Control group, cohort, experimental, correlation, intervention group, randomized, double-blinded, case control, p-value, statistically significant/insignificant

Interviews, focus groups. textual analysis

Associated Research methods

Randomized control trials, quasi-experimental design, cohort and case control, correlational studies                                          

Interviews with open questions, focus group

Example of a study

The effect of music therapy on treating patients pain and anxiety in emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(1). 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00878-4

Development and integration of a music therapy program in the neurologic inpatient setting: A qualitative study. Disability & Rehabilitation, 47(9), 2304-2313. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2024.2393439


 

Quantitative and Qualitative Studies in the Levels of Evidence

 Level  

 Research Designs

1  Systematic Review and/or meta-analysis of RCTs (randomized control trials)              Quantitative  % 
2  Randomized control trials  
3  Quasi-experimental Studies
4  Non-experimental quantitative studies (cohort and case control)
5  Meta-synthesis  Qualitative  "..."                                                              
6  Qualitative studies
7  Expert opinions: reports from expert panels and organizations, not based on research

 *Adapted from LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J. (2022). Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (10th ed.). Elsevier. pg. 15

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